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Purpose@#This study was performed to verify affecting factors to Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow score (KJOCS) in Korean professional baseball league pitchers at preseason by assessing related variables for throwing. @*Methods@#Twenty-seven pitchers from the Korean professional baseball league were enrolled in January 2017. The Korean version of KJOCS was administered to each pitcher, and demographics as well as pitching-related indexes such as innings pitched, earned run average in 2016 were collected. Regarding the assessment of the throwing arm, total rotational motion, horizontal adduction, and abduction were measured. Related shoulder physical examinations were also evaluated. The side-to-side difference was evaluated between the throwing and non-throwing arms, and the glenohumeral internal rotation deficit was also calculated. The correlation analyses between KJOCS and variables regarding throwing shoulders as well as demographics and pitching-related indexes were performed. @*Results@#Regarding the throwing shoulder, the total rotational motion (r=0.45), internal rotation at 90° abduction (r=0.492), and abduction (r=0.446) of the throwing shoulder were positively correlated with the KJOCS (all p＜ 0.05). Among demographics, age (r=−0.637) and career (r=−0.549) were negatively correlated with the KJOCS (p＜ 0.05).In multiple regression analysis, age was a single associated factor to the KJOCS inversely (r2 =0.466, p=0.001) in Korean professional baseball league pitchers at preseason. @*Conclusion@#Age was the only affecting factor on KJOCS of pitchers in the Korean professional baseball league and KJOCS could not reflect subtle changes in range of motion and any positive findings of physical examinations in pitchers at preseason.
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Objective@#This study aimed to three-dimensionally evaluate the pharyngeal airway space (PAS) of patients with anterior open bite (AOB) by using conebeam computed tomography (CBCT) and compare the findings with those obtained in individuals with normal occlusion. @*Methods@#The open bite group (OBG, n = 25) consisted of patients with an anterior overbite of –3 mm or less, while the control group (n = 25) consisted of age- and sex-matched individuals with an anterior overbite of 1–3 mm, Angle Class I malocclusion (1° ≤ point A-nasion-point B angle ≤ 4°), and a normodivergent profile (22° ≤ Frankfort mandibular plane angle ≤ 28°). After the CBCT data were reconstructed into a three-dimensional image, the PAS was segmented into four parts, and the volume of each part was measured. Pharyngeal airway length (PAL) and the area and transverse width of the part showing minimal constriction were also measured. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between changes in the PAS and the amount of anterior overbite. @*Results@#The OBG showed a significantly narrower airway space in the nasopharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and total airway volumes. The OBG also showed a significantly smaller area and transverse width of the part with minimal constriction. The OBG showed a significantly longer PAL, but there was no correlation between the amount of anterior overbite and the changes in PAS. @*Conclusions@#The PAS was associated with AOB. Patients with AOB had a narrower PAS and a smaller part showing minimal constriction.
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Objective@#The purpose of this finite element method (FEM) study was to analyze the biomechanical differences and tooth displacement patterns according to the traction direction, methods, and sites for total distalization of the mandibular dentition using clear aligner treatment (CAT). @*Methods@#A finite element analysis was performed on four FEM models using different traction methods (via a precision cut hook or button) and traction sites (mandibular canine or first premolar). A distalization force of 1.5 N was applied to the traction site by changing the direction from –30 to +30° to the occlusal plane. The initial tooth displacement and von Mises stress on the clear aligners were analyzed. @*Results@#All CAT-based total distalization groups showed an overall trend of clockwise or counterclockwise rotation of the occlusal plane as the force direction varied. Mesiodistal tipping of individual teeth was more prominent than that of bodily movements. The initial displacement pattern of the mandibular teeth was more predominant based on the traction site than on the traction method. The elastic deformation of clear aligners is attributed to unintentional lingual tipping or extrusion of the mandibular anterior teeth. @*Conclusions@#The initial tooth displacement can vary according to different distalization strategies for CAT-based total distalization. Discreet application and biomechanical understanding of traction sites and directions are necessary for appropriate mandibular total distalization.
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Objective@#The study aimed to evaluate the changes in mandibular width after sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) in patients with mandibular asymmetric prognathism using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). @*Methods@#Seventy patients who underwent SSRO for mandibular setback surgery were included in two groups, symmetric (n = 35) and asymmetric (n = 35), which were divided according to the differences in their right and left setback amounts. The mandibular width was evaluated three-dimensionally using CBCT images taken immediately before surgery (T1), 3 days after surgery (T2), and 6 months after surgery (T3). Repeated measures analysis of variance was applied to verify the differences in mandibular width statistically. @*Results@#Both groups showed a significant increase in the mandibular width at T2, followed by a significant decrease at T3. No significant difference was observed between T1 and T3 in any of the measurements. No significant differences were found between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: After mandibular asymmetric setback surgery using SSRO, the mandibular width increased immediately but returned to its original width 6 months after surgery.
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Bioactive flavonoids have been shown to improve the biological activity of stem cells derived from different sources in tissue regeneration. The goal of this study was to see how naringin, a natural flavonoid discovered in citrus fruits, affected the biological properties of human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs). In this study, we found that naringin increases the migratory ability of HDPSCs. Naringin increased matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) mRNA and protein expression in HDPSCs. ARP100, a selective MMP-2 inhibitor, and AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, both inhibited the naringin-induced migration of HDPSCs. Furthermore, naringin increased osteogenic differentiation of HDPSCs and the expression of the osteogenic-related marker, alkaline phosphatase in HDPSCs. Taken together, our findings suggest that naringin may be beneficial on dental tissue or bone regeneration by increasing the biological activities of HDPSCs.
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Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a rare type of drug reaction that involves the skin and, less commonly, the mucosal membranes. It is characterized by clinically well-defined erythematous patches or plaques with or without blisters, which relapse at the same location if the causative agent is readministered. Tamsulosin is an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor blocker used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, and its common side effects are dizziness and headache. Only one case of cutaneous FDE due to tamsulosin administration has been reported but no other case of mucosal involvement has been reported to date. Therefore, we present a case of mucosal FDE caused by tamsulosin administration along with a literature review.
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Purpose@#We compared the feasibility of quantitative analysis methods using bone SPECT/CT with those using planar bone scans to assess active sacroiliitis. @*Methods@#We retrospectively reviewed whole-body bone scans and pelvic bone SPECT/CTs of 8 patients who had clinically confirmed sacroiliitis and enrolled 24 patients without sacroiliitis as references. The volume of interest of each sacroiliac joint, including both the ilium and sacrum, was drawn. Active arthritis zone (AAZ) was defined as the zone of voxels with higher SUV than sacral mean SUV within the VOI of SI joint. Then, the following SPECT/CT quantitative parameters, SUVmax (maximum SUV), SUV50% (mean SUV in highest 50% of SUV), and SUV-AAZ, and the ratio of those values to sacral mean SUV (SUVmax/S, SUV50%/S, SUV-AAZ/S) were calculated. For the planar bone scan, the mean count ratio of SI joint/sacrum (SI/S) was conventionally measured. @*Results@#Most of the SPECT/CT parameters of the sacroiliitis group were significantly higher than the normal group, whereas SI/S of the planar bone scan was not significantly different between the two groups. In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, SUV-AAZ/S showed the highest AUC of 0.992, followed by SUV50%/S and SUVmax/S. All ratio parameters of the SPECT/CT showed higher AUC values than the SUV parameters of SI joint or SI/S of the planar scan. @*Conclusions@#The quantitative analyses of bone SPECT/CT showed better performance in assessing active sacroiliitis than the planar bone scan. SPECT/CT parameters using the ratio of the SI joint to sacrum showed more favorable results than SUV parameters such as SUVmax, SUV50%, and SUV-AAZ.
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Patients who have extruded anterior teeth and deep bite with pathologic tooth migration, it is necessary not only periodontal treat-ment for reduce inflammation, but also orthodontic treatment for intrusion of anterior teeth. However, it is difficult to place the orthodontic brackets due to the deep bite, and there is a problem that the extrusion of the posterior teeth occurs more easily than the intrusion of the anterior teeth biomechanically. In particular, in patients with long face, relative intrusion of the anterior teeth by extrusion of the posterior teeth causes the clockwise rotation of the mandible and makes the facial profile worse. Therefore the biomechanical consideration and appliance design that can block these problems are required from the treatment plan. This is a patient who had a deep overbite with extruded anterior teeth, treated by treatment and intrusion of mandibular anterior teeth using cute brackes and miniscrews, and resulted in favorable maintenance during 8-year retention.
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Background@#Warts are epidermal growths caused by the human papillomavirus and are commonly observed in dermatology practice. Intralesional immunotherapy is shown to be effective for treatment of warts. However, to date, no study has reported immunotherapy for warts using intralesional purified protein derivative (PPD). @*Objective@#In this clinical study, we report immunotherapy for warts using intralesional PPD. @*Methods@#We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 81 patients with warts, who were treated with immunotherapy using intralesional PPD. All patients underwent 6 treatment sessions at 2-week intervals. Two skilled dermatologists evaluated the treatment outcomes based on a review of medical records and clinical photographs obtained after 6 treatment sessions. The treatment response was classified based on reduction in the size and number of warts as follows: complete response (CR, 100%), partial response (PR, ＞50%), and no response (NR, ＜50%). @*Results@#Of the 81 patients investigated in this study, 55 (67.9%) showed a CR and PR with regard to the size and number of warts. The response to therapy was classified as better than a PR in 61 of 81 patients (75.3%) with warts at the site of injection and in 38 of 69 patients (55.1%) with warts at distant sites. Four patients (4.9%) developed painful swelling and bullae that resolved within 1 week of treatment. @*Conclusion@#Immunotherapy using intralesional PPD is an effective and safe treatment modality for warts. Although less effective for distant warts, it may be a useful therapeutic alternative for warts with NR to other treatments.
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Vinpocetine induces anti-inflammatory effects in various inflammatory diseases via the inhibition of phosphodiesterase type-1-independent nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway and the release of inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we investigated the effect of vinpocetine on the proliferation of colon cancer cells and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Our data showed that vinpocetine inhibits the viability and proliferation of colon cancer cells. Vinpocetine treatment induced cell death in HCT116 cells, which the percentages of sub-G1 phase were significantly increased, and the apoptosis-related genes were regulated after HCT116 cells were treated with vinpocetine. In sum, our findings indicated that vinpocetine could be a therapeutically useful candidate in the treatment of colon cancer.
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Background@#Warts are epidermal growths caused by the human papillomavirus and are commonly observed in dermatology practice. Intralesional immunotherapy is shown to be effective for treatment of warts. However, to date, no study has reported immunotherapy for warts using intralesional purified protein derivative (PPD). @*Objective@#In this clinical study, we report immunotherapy for warts using intralesional PPD. @*Methods@#We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 81 patients with warts, who were treated with immunotherapy using intralesional PPD. All patients underwent 6 treatment sessions at 2-week intervals. Two skilled dermatologists evaluated the treatment outcomes based on a review of medical records and clinical photographs obtained after 6 treatment sessions. The treatment response was classified based on reduction in the size and number of warts as follows: complete response (CR, 100%), partial response (PR, ＞50%), and no response (NR, ＜50%). @*Results@#Of the 81 patients investigated in this study, 55 (67.9%) showed a CR and PR with regard to the size and number of warts. The response to therapy was classified as better than a PR in 61 of 81 patients (75.3%) with warts at the site of injection and in 38 of 69 patients (55.1%) with warts at distant sites. Four patients (4.9%) developed painful swelling and bullae that resolved within 1 week of treatment. @*Conclusion@#Immunotherapy using intralesional PPD is an effective and safe treatment modality for warts. Although less effective for distant warts, it may be a useful therapeutic alternative for warts with NR to other treatments.
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Vinpocetine induces anti-inflammatory effects in various inflammatory diseases via the inhibition of phosphodiesterase type-1-independent nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway and the release of inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we investigated the effect of vinpocetine on the proliferation of colon cancer cells and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Our data showed that vinpocetine inhibits the viability and proliferation of colon cancer cells. Vinpocetine treatment induced cell death in HCT116 cells, which the percentages of sub-G1 phase were significantly increased, and the apoptosis-related genes were regulated after HCT116 cells were treated with vinpocetine. In sum, our findings indicated that vinpocetine could be a therapeutically useful candidate in the treatment of colon cancer.
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OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to evaluate the immediate effects of mandibular posterior displacement on the pharyngeal airway space (PAS) by using cephalometric evaluations and to investigate how the surrounding structures are schematically involved.@*METHODS@#In this retrospective study, 38 subjects with functional Class III malocclusion and two lateral cephalograms were selected. The first lateral cephalogram was taken with the mandible in the habitual occlusal position, and the second in anterior edge-to-edge bite. Paired t-test was used to analyze changes in the PAS, hyoid bone, tongue, and soft palate, followed by mandibular posterior displacement. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the amount of mandibular posterior displacement and other variables.@*RESULTS@#A statistically significant decrease was observed in the PAS following mandibular posterior displacement. Along with mandibular posterior displacement, the tongue decreased in length (p < 0.001) and increased in height (p < 0.05), while the soft palate increased in length, decreased in thickness, and was posteriorly displaced (p < 0.001). The hyoid bone was also posteriorly displaced (p < 0.05). There was no correlation between the amount of mandibular posterior displacement and the measured variables.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The PAS showed a statistically significant decrease following mandibular posterior displacement, which was a consequence of retraction of the surrounding structures. However, there were individual variances between the amount of mandibular posterior displacement and the measured variables.
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Inflammatory vitiligo with raised borders (IVRB) is characterized by central hypopigmented patches with pruritic erythematous raised borders. It is important as it may be a clinical sign associated with the disease activity. A 53-year-old woman presented with asymptomatic depigmented patches surrounded by scaly erythematous raised borders on the right axilla for 3 months. Skin biopsies were performed for the depigmented patch and erythematous raised border. A 20-year-old woman presented with 3-month history of several hypopigmented maculopatches with or without erythematous raised borders in the periorbital and perinasal areas. Both patients were diagnosed as IVRB based on clinical and histological findings. Both patients received oral steroids for one and three weeks, respectively and the erythematous borders improved and lesions were not spread. Herein, we report two cases of IVRB, a rare subtype of vitiligo.
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Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a severe mucocutaneousadverse reaction characterized by extensive necrosis and epidermaldetachment involving more than 30% of the bodysurface area (BSA). It is commonly triggered by antiepileptics,sulfonamide antibiotics, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatorydrugs. A 22-year-old female without any underlyingmedical history presented with painful multiple erythematousbullae and plaques of varied sizes throughout the bodyfor 1 day. On the second hospitalization day (HD), the bullaeprogressively coalesced, leading to epidermal detachmentinvolving 60% of the BSA. On the fifth HD, the patient hada tonic–clonic seizure with eyeball deviation for 5 minutes.She was transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) and administeredlorazepam 4 mg and levetiracetam 1,500 mg.Brain computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging,and cerebrospinal fluid examination showed no abnormalities.Although the patient had delirium and additional seizureswhile in the ICU, her condition improved without anycomplications after 5 weeks of inpatient treatment. Severalcomplications of TEN such as dehydration, malnutrition,sepsis, and ophthalmic and pulmonary complications havebeen reported; however, seizures have not been reportedyet. Herein, we report a case of seizure in a patient duringtreatment for TEN.
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Background@#Hysteroscopic surgery has been used in various gynecological fields. However, massive fluid overload can occur as a complication due to persistent infusion of media for uterine cavity distension. We present the case of a woman who developed cardiomyopathy with pulmonary edema and epistaxis during hysteroscopic surgery.Case: A 76-year-old female underwent hysteroscopic septectomy. She manifested abrupt, active nasal bleeding and regurgitation in the intravenous line. Heart rate, SpO2, and PETCO2 decreased from 55 beats/min to 29 beats/min, from 100% to 56%, and from 31 mmHg to 9 mmHg, respectively. After the operation, brain CT showed bilateral prominent superior ophthalmic vein dilation. Echocardiography showed left ventricle apical ballooning and global hypokinesia. The patient recovered after two days of conservative management, with no sequelae. @*Conclusions@#Although hysteroscopic surgery is a simple procedure, careful monitoring is necessary to prevent complications from absorption of fluid distending media during the procedure.
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Tamsulosin, an alpha-1 adrenoreceptor antagonist, has been used as a primary option for medical treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia. An open-label, single-dose, randomized, three-treatment, three-period, three sequence crossover study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of 0.2 and 0.4 mg tamsulosin hydrochloride (HCl) in the fed versus the fasted state. Subjects were randomly assigned to three sequences and received one of the following treatments at each period: tamsulosin HCl 0.2 or 0.4 mg in the fed state with a high-fat meal, or tamsulosin HCl 0.4 mg in the fasted state. Blood samples for the PK analysis were collected at pre-dose and up to 48 h post-dose. The PK parameters were calculated by a non-compartmental method. The geometric mean ratio (GMR) and its 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the plasma maximum concentration (C max ) and area under concentration curve from time zero to last measurable concentration (AUClast) were calculated. Twenty-two subjects completed the study. The systemic exposure of tamsulosin 0.4 mg decreased approximately 9% in the fed state compared to the fasted state, and the time to reach peak concentration was slightly delayed in the fed state. The dose normalized GMR and its 90% CIs of C max and AUClast for 0.2 and 0.4 mg tamsulosin in the fed state were within 0.8 and 1.25 range. Systemic exposure of tamsulosin was decreased in the fed condition compared to the fasted condition. Linear PK profiles were observed between 0.2 and 0.4 mg tamsulosin in the fed state.
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Agenesis of permanent tooth in adolescent patients can be treated either by orthodontic treatment for space closure or by main-taining the space until implant restoration can be carried out in adult. However, gradual atrophy of alveolar bone width makes it dif-ficult to restore the prosthesis in the future or may cause unaesthetic results. Therefore, maintaining of not only the missing space but also the alveolar bone width should be considered. This case is a treatment whereby a temporary replacement of missing 2mandibular incisors in adolescent patient was carried out using 2 temporary anchorage devices (TADs). Two TADs were placed hori-zontally 2 - 3 mm below the top of alveolar ridge, and fixed with artificial teeth by stainless steel wires extended. During the 2 year follow-up, neither gingival inflammation nor loss of the TADs have occurred. In the radiographic evaluation, the growth of the adja-cent alveolar bone was not inhibited, and the width of the alveolar bone was maintained.
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Tamsulosin, an alpha-1 adrenoreceptor antagonist, has been used as a primary option for medical treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia. An open-label, single-dose, randomized, three-treatment, three-period, three sequence crossover study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of 0.2 and 0.4 mg tamsulosin hydrochloride (HCl) in the fed versus the fasted state. Subjects were randomly assigned to three sequences and received one of the following treatments at each period: tamsulosin HCl 0.2 or 0.4 mg in the fed state with a high-fat meal, or tamsulosin HCl 0.4 mg in the fasted state. Blood samples for the PK analysis were collected at pre-dose and up to 48 h post-dose. The PK parameters were calculated by a non-compartmental method. The geometric mean ratio (GMR) and its 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the plasma maximum concentration (C max ) and area under concentration curve from time zero to last measurable concentration (AUClast) were calculated. Twenty-two subjects completed the study. The systemic exposure of tamsulosin 0.4 mg decreased approximately 9% in the fed state compared to the fasted state, and the time to reach peak concentration was slightly delayed in the fed state. The dose normalized GMR and its 90% CIs of C max and AUClast for 0.2 and 0.4 mg tamsulosin in the fed state were within 0.8 and 1.25 range. Systemic exposure of tamsulosin was decreased in the fed condition compared to the fasted condition. Linear PK profiles were observed between 0.2 and 0.4 mg tamsulosin in the fed state.
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Agenesis of permanent tooth in adolescent patients can be treated either by orthodontic treatment for space closure or by main-taining the space until implant restoration can be carried out in adult. However, gradual atrophy of alveolar bone width makes it dif-ficult to restore the prosthesis in the future or may cause unaesthetic results. Therefore, maintaining of not only the missing space but also the alveolar bone width should be considered. This case is a treatment whereby a temporary replacement of missing 2mandibular incisors in adolescent patient was carried out using 2 temporary anchorage devices (TADs). Two TADs were placed hori-zontally 2 - 3 mm below the top of alveolar ridge, and fixed with artificial teeth by stainless steel wires extended. During the 2 year follow-up, neither gingival inflammation nor loss of the TADs have occurred. In the radiographic evaluation, the growth of the adja-cent alveolar bone was not inhibited, and the width of the alveolar bone was maintained.